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Naranjo ADR Causality Score Calculator

Answer 10 structured questions to score the probability that a drug caused an adverse reaction, using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. The running total and causality category update as you go.

Result

Causality category

Doubtful

Total Naranjo score

0

Range: -4 to +13

Questions answered

0 of 10

Scale

Naranjo

The Naranjo scale is an aid to structured causality assessment. Clinical judgement and the full case context still apply.

How the Naranjo score is interpreted

9 or more: Definite

The evidence strongly supports the drug as the cause of the reaction.

5 to 8: Probable

The drug is a likely cause, with reasonable supporting evidence.

1 to 4: Possible

The drug may have caused the reaction, but the case is not conclusive.

0 or less: Doubtful

A drug cause is unlikely on the available evidence.

What is the Naranjo ADR Probability Scale?

The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale is a widely used questionnaire that helps clinicians and pharmacovigilance teams judge how likely it is that a specific medicine caused a particular adverse event. It was published by Naranjo and colleagues in 1981 and remains a common reference in case assessment because it turns a subjective judgement into a structured, repeatable score.

The scale asks 10 questions about the case, covering prior reports of the reaction, the timing between the drug and the event, what happened on dechallenge and rechallenge, plausible alternative causes, dose response, drug levels, and objective confirmation. Each answer of Yes, No, or Do not know carries a set number of points, and the points are added into a single total. That total maps onto four categories: Definite, Probable, Possible, and Doubtful.

The Naranjo scale is an aid to structured causality assessment, not a replacement for clinical judgement. It works best when the full case context is available, including the patient history, concomitant medicines, and the timeline of the reaction. Use the score to document your reasoning and to compare cases consistently, then apply professional judgement to the final conclusion.

Frequently Asked Questions

About the Naranjo scale and this calculator

What is the Naranjo scale?+
The Naranjo scale is a 10-question tool for estimating the probability that a drug caused an adverse reaction. Each question is answered Yes, No, or Do not know, and each answer adds or subtracts points. The total score places the case into one of four causality categories, giving a consistent way to document and compare adverse drug reaction assessments.
How is the Naranjo score interpreted?+
The total ranges from -4 to +13 and maps onto four categories: a score of 9 or more is Definite, 5 to 8 is Probable, 1 to 4 is Possible, and 0 or less is Doubtful. A higher score means the evidence more strongly supports the drug as the cause, while a low or negative score points away from a drug cause.
When should I use the Naranjo scale?+
Use it when you are assessing an individual case safety report and want a structured, defensible view of causality, for example during pharmacovigilance case processing, clinical review, or teaching. It is most reliable when you have the full case context, including timing, dechallenge and rechallenge information, and any alternative explanations for the reaction.
Is this Naranjo calculator free and does it store my data?+
Yes, the calculator is completely free and needs no account. It runs entirely in your browser, so nothing you select is sent to a server or stored. The Naranjo scale is an aid to structured causality assessment, and clinical judgement and the full case context still apply to any final decision.

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